{"id":2128,"date":"2026-08-11T17:37:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/?p=2128"},"modified":"2026-08-11T17:37:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:37:41","slug":"how-to-select-transformer-capacity-a-guide-to-load-calculation-and-selection-for-50-kva-to-5000-kva-transformers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/how-to-select-transformer-capacity-a-guide-to-load-calculation-and-selection-for-50-kva-to-5000-kva-transformers\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u1eeb 50 kVA \u0111\u1ebfn 5000 kVA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zisheng Electric chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D), s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c. Danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u<\/a><\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4<\/a><\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/strong>, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan<\/a><\/strong>. C\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 IEC 60076<\/strong> v\u00e0 GOST<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Nam M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u Phi, Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, Zisheng Electric \u0111\u00e3 tham gia vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/strong> cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m phong ph\u00fa trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> qu\u00e1 c\u1ee1, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cao h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kVA<\/strong>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>, thay v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh theo kW. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 100kVA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kho\u1ea3ng 80kW ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,8. N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/strong> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n, b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ghi tr\u00ean t\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cc\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n\u201d. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb 50kVA \u0111\u1ebfn 5000kVA, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u EPC v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean R10<\/strong>. D\u00e3y R10 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t k\u1ec1 nhau l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1eadc m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 10, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 1,25. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi 1,25. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 100kVA, d\u00e3y c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0: 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000\u2026<\/strong> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n? B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (50kVA-200kVA):<\/strong>
50, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200kVA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh (250kVA-1000kVA):<\/strong>
250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000kVA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (1250kVA-5000kVA):<\/strong>
1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000kVA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p tr\u00ean 5000kVA th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 700kVA n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c 630kVA v\u00e0 800kVA hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m phi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u<\/strong>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y qu\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<\/strong>
T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 15%-20%. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh nhanh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng pha, l\u1ea5y t\u1ea3i pha t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ba pha, sau \u0111\u00f3 chia cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong> (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0.8), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chia cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,85).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, t\u1ea3i pha A l\u00e0 10kW, t\u1ea3i pha B l\u00e0 9kW v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i pha C l\u00e0 11kW. L\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 11kW nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 33kW. Chia cho 0,8 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 41,25kVA, sau \u0111\u00f3 chia cho 0,85 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 48,5kVA. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 50kVA l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/th>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/th>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9<\/td>T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb 75kW \u00f7 0,8 \u00f7 0,85<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng 110kVA<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i: 40kW \u00f7 0,8 \u00f7 0,85<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng 59kVA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 M\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 85%. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong kho\u1ea3ng 60%-80%, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n? B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.” \u0110i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i 60%-80%<\/strong>, thay v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100%. Khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80%, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> cao khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea1m vi 60%-80% th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea3i thu\u1ea7n tr\u1edf<\/strong> (chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n):
C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u2248 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i \u00f7 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong> (l\u1ea5y 0,9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m):
D\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p 2-5 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1,2-1,5 l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 10kW, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u1eeb 15kVA tr\u1edf l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea3i phi tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong> (bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u):
Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i<\/strong>, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung trong m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 30 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 5,5kW, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 165kW. V\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 115kW. Chia cho 0,8 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 144kVA. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo, 160kVA m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea3i. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch g\u1ea7n 50kVA so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.4 T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 40\u00b0C). V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i 1\u00b0C nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng th\u00eam, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 1%-2%. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (derating)<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p, t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/th>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>T\u0103ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn<\/td>B\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao<\/td>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m cho c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.5 M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p hay nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i I v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i II, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb hai m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh hai m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 70% t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn hai m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 50% t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i? L\u00fd do l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 50% l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 70% c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2014 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hai m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 50% c\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u dao li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 30%-50%, trong khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00f4<\/strong> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 20%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IEC 60076-7<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i<\/strong>. N\u00f3i chung: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i; t\u1ea3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

III. C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 50kVA-200kVA: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/strong>, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 10kV\/0.4kV, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/strong> d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u Phi, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 50kVA-200kVA l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng kho\u1ea3ng 100 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cung c\u1ea5p nhu c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 100kVA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 thang m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a trung t\u00e2m, hai m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> 800kVA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea5p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8kW, t\u1ed5ng nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 8.000kW, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n 8kW m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 1.000 h\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn 8.000kVA, th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea3i khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 250kVA-1000kVA: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 500kVA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n cho t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 1000kVA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m logistics th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e1y, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y phay, m\u00e1y khoan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 800kW. T\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 500kW, khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 630kVA ho\u1eb7c 800kVA tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 1250kVA-2500kVA: C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 2000kVA-2500kVA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn. M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 2500kVA l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay v\u00ec tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y\/\u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 80% t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> quanh n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh N+1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c t\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c pin UPS c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 3150kVA-5000kVA: C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c m\u1ecf l\u1edbn, m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u, c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 35kV tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u<\/strong> l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea3i<\/strong>cao. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc khi ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y (do kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng l\u00f5i (\u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u00e3o h\u00f2a l\u00f5i do qu\u00e1 k\u00edch t\u1eeb)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t (m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u1ea7u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    D\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/th>C\u00e1c \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/th>C\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong><\/th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p L\u1eafp \u0110\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    50-200kVA<\/td>C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td>L\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn<\/td><\/tr>
    250-1000kVA<\/td>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td>Tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0<\/td><\/tr>
    1250-2500kVA<\/td>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>10-35kV\/0.4kV<\/td>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, trong nh\u00e0<\/td><\/tr>
    3150-5000kVA<\/td>M\u1ecf, m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c<\/td>35kV tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/td>Tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    3.5 B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/th>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/th>C\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    D\u01b0\u1edbi 20kW<\/td>25-30kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    20-40kW<\/td>50kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    40-80kW<\/td>100kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    80-160kW<\/td>200kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    160-250kW<\/td>315kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    250-400kW<\/td>500kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    400-600kW<\/td>800kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    600-800kW<\/td>1000kVA<\/td>10kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    800-1200kW<\/td>1600kVA<\/td>10-35kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    1200-1600kW<\/td>2000kVA<\/td>35kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr>
    1600-2000kW<\/td>2500kVA<\/td>35kV\/0.4kV<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    IV. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i.<\/strong>
    Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m phun n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/strong>
    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u<\/strong> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15%, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/strong>
    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Se = S \u00f7 \u03b2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 S \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u03b2m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/strong> (th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 0,8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp theo. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 420kVA, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 500kVA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/strong>
    C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong>
    C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0i<\/strong> n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (derating)<\/strong> trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea3y aptomat th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 sau khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V. C\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 1: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng an to\u00e0n.<\/strong>
    M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong>, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi 40% trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, hai m\u00e1y 2500kVA m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi 40% trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n hao t\u1ea3i<\/strong> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mua m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 1600kVA, g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u00fd chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 2: C\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/strong>
    Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 3: B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i.<\/strong>
    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/strong> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong> so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn thang m\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>. S\u1ee5t \u00e1p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng thang m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea3y aptomat, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> nh\u1ea3y aptomat do qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 4: B\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong>
    Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (derating)<\/strong> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 5: Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/strong>
    Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, t\u0103ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Chi ph\u00ed m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ba ng\u00e0y, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00eam \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    VI. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee7a Zisheng Electric<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Zisheng Electric s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u<\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4<\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/strong>, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 IEC 60076<\/strong> v\u00e0 GOST<\/strong>, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Nam M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>, Zisheng Electric cung c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/strong>
    D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Zisheng Electric h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i<\/strong> v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/strong>
    D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, Zisheng Electric x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00eda cao \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (derating)<\/strong> c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/strong>
    Zisheng Electric cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/strong>, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u EPC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/strong>
    Sau khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, Zisheng Electric cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    VII. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea3i sai, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong> trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sau. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 sau khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh th\u00eam v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea3i<\/strong> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zisheng Electric cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zisheng Electric \u2014 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c R&D v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4<\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u<\/strong>, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/strong>, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft<\/strong>, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 IEC 60076<\/strong> v\u00e0 GOST<\/strong>, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Nam M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nga. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u00e1o gi\u00e1, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Zisheng Electric s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Zisheng Electric specializes in the R&D, manufacturing, and project services of transformers and power equipment. Its product range covers oil-immersed transformers, dry-type transformers, amorphous alloy transformers, and related power equipment. The company designs and manufactures products according to international standards such as IEC 60076 and GOST, and provides customized solutions based on different national grid […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-guidance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2135,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions\/2135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zishengtransformer.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}